Exp 7 cooling tower report final chee2820 uon studocu. This causes pollution of cooling tower water by air pollutants and microorganisms to be insignificant. Cooling tower water pollution pollutants in cooling tower water water that is applied in cooling towers, even when this concerns tap water, often contains salts such as chlorine, sulphates and carbonates, dissolved gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide and metal ions such as iron and manganese ions. We have put this seminar together both for the experience water treater and for the nonwater treatment contingent at cti. In the horizontal plane, they refer to the approximate width and length of packed areas, and in the vertical plane to the height above basin kerb level.
A schematic illustration and photo of the used experimental apparatus are shown in fig. Series 1500 cooling tower cooling towers, evaporative. Using soft water for cooling tower makeup water technology. Hilton h891 bench top cooling tower and its operating principles. Cooling tower experiment pavol vitkovic, viktor syrovatka.
The thermal and mass transfer experiment device of the foam ceramic. The air and water flows for the cooling tower were switched on and the water level for the makeup tank and wet bulbs checked. Cooling tower water treatment test kit complies with ny. A sketch over a cooling tower can be seen in figure 1. We have four excellent speakers who will cover different aspects of. Drift eliminators are installed to prevent water entrained in the air from leaving the system. The term induced draft denotes that air is drawn by fans through the flow of falling water and up and out of the cooling tower. Cooling tower performance and sensors for thermalfluid systems. The paper will focus on the pilot plant as an evaluation. Cooling tower water pollution pollutants in cooling tower water water that is applied in cooling towers, even when this concerns tap water, often contains salts such as chlorine, sulphates and carbonates, dissolved gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide and. Oct 17, 2016 this helps keep your cooling tower water free of particles that can build up and foul the cooling tower.
The parameters are temperature, flow rate of water, relative. In the wl 320 open wet cooling tower, water is sprayed into the tower from above and distributed as widely as possible using baffles. After evaporation of the cooling tower plumes mixing was confirmed by the aerial sampling of the humidity and sulfur dioxide content of the atmosphere, figures 8,9,11,12,14, 15, b5, b6, b8, b9, b, b14, b16, b17, b19, and b20 the mixing of plumes, while the cooling tower plumes were visible, was further shown by the presence of acid. Cooling tower packing material or fill optimizes the contact of air and water, improving the heat transfer and efficiency of the tower. Bibliography of technical papers cooling tower water. The warm water enters the top of the tower and is sent through a rotating dispersion mechanism that sprays the water out over a series of baffles that fill the cooling tower. In practice, most engineering contractors specify a 0. Pdf tthe paper deals with design of model of cooling tower build in a laboratory of department of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics and. Cooling tower, heat transfer and mass transfer, film fill,hot weather.
This helps keep your cooling tower water free of particles that can build up and foul the cooling tower. A list of qualified new york cooling tower cleaning service providers can be found at nyc. Introduction cooling towers are used for cooling large amounts of water in chemical industry, thermal power plants, nuclear power plants and petroleum industry. Contact of air and water in counter flow cooling tower. You can look at this as cooling water fundamentals 101. Please subscribe to our blog for the latest details on the new york city and new york state cooling tower laws as they develop. Abstract cooling tower are use to remove excess heat that is generated in places such as power station, chemical plants and even domestically in air conditioning units.
Evaporation takes away pure water, leaving behind the minerals. Lab cooling tower university of tennessee at chattanooga. This section provides an introduction of cooling tower designs. Roof installations on office buildings, hospitals, lab. Mar 02, 2015 using soft water for cooling tower makeup is less common, however, notwithstanding that this strategy offers significant benefits over the use of hard water. Nominal tower dimensions nominal tower dimensions is dimensions used to indicate the effective size of cells, or cooling tower. This solution is ideal for the simulation of specialized types of cooling tower designs mechanical and natural draft, crossflow, counterflow, hybrid, etc. This experiment adopts the free sinter ing foam ceramic.
Determine at a water to air mass flow ratio of 1, how the range, and the approach vary with increasing water flow rate. This experiment are used to study the operation of cooling tower, to determine average heat and mass transfer coefficient and to examine the effect of various parameter such as feed flow rate, air flow rate, inlet water. Corrosion, deposition, fouling, and biological growth can derail your operations. For water cooling tower experiment, there are several parameters that can be adjusted to observe its effects on the evaporation of water. In the case where the measurement is downstream of the basin or the pump, corrections are needed for the effects of the pump and any other makeup. How to increase your industrial cooling tower efficiency. I know the inlet and outlet temperature of water, volume flow rate of water and the heat load desired from the cooling tower. Cooling experiments with water and foam study into fluegas cooling and fire extinction when deploying caf, firedos, high pressure and low pressure hose lines in offensive interior fire fighting operations version. A highly instrumentated cooling tower pilot plant was designed and constructed at the dow chemical texas division plant, freeport, texas, for the purpose of developing operating guidelines for fuse of various commercially available nonchromate cooling water treatment programs.
Please subscribe to our blog for the latest details on the new york city and new york state. Cstn september 2002 a client had a large, threecell cooling tower system that was having problems maintaining conductivity. By running approximately 10% of the circulated water through the side stream filter, it can be easier to retain a healthy balance of suspended solids that will reduce the particulate fouling of your equipment. Pdf analysis studying for improving cooling tower researchgate. The water runs down these baffles and returns to the reservoir at the base of the tower. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to. Alternatively, the vendor curves can be used directly in the analysis. Abstract this experiment was conducted to perform energy and mass balance on the cooling tower system and to observe the effects of one of the process variables on the exit temperature of water. All cooling towers operate on the principle of removing heat from water by evaporating a small portion of the water that is recirculated through the unit. Water comsumption of cooling towers in different climate.
The warmed cooling water cwr is then sent back to the cooling tower. One helpful means to that end is the water cooling tower. Six thermocouples are measuring the air temperature and the other seven the water temperature. Also, microorganisms that are present in cooling tower water cannot end up in outside air. Water savings of cooling tower efficiency measures for use in performance contracts. They are located in areas that are situated after the fill and water sprays and just before the area where the air exits the cooling tower see figures 6 and 8. Cooling tower design calculations posted in student. The most important variables are observed, such as a water and air temperature, an air humidity and a water and air flow.
The convention from here on will be to use the term. Drift eliminators are also known as mist eliminators. Ce427 chemical engineering laboratory iii fall 2005 cooling tower objectives. Heat is removed by transferring it to air through evaporation. The most reliable means to assess the cooling tower thermal performance is tower capability.
Disscussion from this experiment, the instrument was used in this experiment is water cooling tower he152 unit. Industrial cooling towers are used to remove surplus heat from water. Cooling tower full 1 abstract cooling tower are use to. When a system is closed, the water does not come in contact with outside air. A cooling tower may account for 34 or more of the water use in a commercial building.
Both types function as heat exchangers based on the counter flow principle. Calculation of effect of cycles of concentration on amount of. Cooling tower design calculations student cheresources. Cooling tower measurement and verification technical advisory group. Cooling water systems remove heat generated from a variety of industrial processes. Cooling tower experiment by becca peltzman on prezi. Doc cooling tower lab report sem yong hao academia. Hi, i am an engineering student, and i am working on a cross flow induced draft cooling tower. Cooling towers with open and closed water circuits are available. A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.
The series 1500 cooling tower is the industrys most serviceable unit without compromising performance and fit. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. For refilling both tanks distilled water was always used. Experimental study of cooling tower performance using. Nov 15, 2014 disscussion from this experiment, the instrument was used in this experiment is water cooling tower he152 unit. Mar, 2012 cooling tower design calculations posted in student. Cooling tower evaporative cooling system measurement. Chlorine, if used, added intermittently, with a free residual.
Cooling tower evaporative cooling is achieved by the evaporation of a small fraction, about 1 to 2%, of the recirculating water flow. We have four excellent speakers who will cover different aspects of cooling water treatment. Experimental study on heat and mass transfer in cooling towers 851 12 1 fig. There are three basic types of cooling water systems. The cooling tower effectiveness e is defined as the ratio of actual heat removal to the maximum attainable heat removal.
This requires constant dumping and replenishing of water to keep the system mineral content at an acceptable level so as to prevent scaling. Initial conditions for the cooling tower were programmed into the equipment. In a cooling tower, the hot water stream typically called the cooling water return is introduced downward through spray nozzles into fills inside. It accomplishes this by providing intimate mixing of water and air, which results in cooling primarily by evaporating approximately 1 % of the flow for each 10. Experimental study of cooling tower performance using ceramic. These heat and mass transfer devices are based on the evaporative cooling of water in contact with ambient air. The cooling tower had two possible makeup water sources. The cooling tower is not appropriate in residential air conditioning systems because this cooling tower could produce minor water loss.
Water leaks in the process or in the cooling tower itself are uncontrolled water loses that could be considered another form of blowdown. Suezs combination of cooling tower treatment chemicals, software, monitoring and industry expertise can help prevent these issues or aid in the recovery from a failure event. Process results and conclusions cools water by exposing the water particles to air actually perform the experiment better predictive equations 20% heat transfer more consistent temperature reading equipment 80% mass transfer cooling tower experiment system set up objectives. The model of cooling tower contains of three independent parts, fig. By running approximately 10% of the circulated water through the side stream filter, it can be easier to retain a healthy balance of suspended solids that will reduce the particulate fouling of. Six thermocouples are measuring the air temperature and. The main part of the installation is the cooling tower, hav. The high effectiveness of tower represents better cooling performance and high heat removal. Using soft water for cooling tower makeup nelsen corp. Cooling tower experiment supplement august 31, 2011 follow the same procedures outlined in the cooling tower performance experiment 1 except in our case we will be using the cooling tower in the university power plant. Lab 1b cooling tower performance and sensors for thermal. Layout of experimental apparatus temperature is measured by the calibrated 0.
Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wetbulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near. A sketch over a cooling tower where air enters in at the bottom and vapor saturated air leaves at the top. This causes the float operated needle valve to open and transfer water from the make up. Calcium hardness is the primary cause of mineral scale deposits that form on heat transfer surfaces. Cooling tower evaporation properties of water free 30. It is defined as the percentage of water that the tower can cool to the design cold water temperature when the inlet wetbulb, cooling range, water flow rate and fan motor power are all at their design value. Cooling tower free download as powerpoint presentation. By evaporate a part of the liquid the temperature is lowered and can be reused. In the horizontal plane, they refer to the approximate width and length of packed areas, and in the vertical plane. Conclusion this experiment has been conducted to study the effects of heater power on the exit.
Due to evaporation, the level of the water in the load tank tends to fall. With expanded models almost doubling the capacity range and a. Determine at various ratios of water to air mass flow rate, the tower characteristic for the cooling tower located in jarvis 116. Cooling tower control problem by james mcdonald, pe, cwt originally published. Using soft water for cooling tower makeup is less common, however, notwithstanding that this strategy offers significant benefits over the use of hard water. This process provides significant cool ing to the remaining water stream that collects in the tower basin where it can be pumped back into the system to extract. Experimental the tested cooling tower is a forced draft counter. Experimental investigation of the heat and mass transfer. Base experimental conditions for the forced draft cooling tower system. The heat that is removed is called the latent heat of vaporisation. Fundamentals of cooling water treatment panel discussion. If the cooling tower s conductivity is above parameters, the risk of scale and corrosion increases.
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